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No worries. I’ve briefly touched on it but not in its
entirety.

I’ve boiled it down to three main categories:

Involuntary circumstances: 

This occurs when a nation is conquered and is forced to live
with their conqueror/ annexer.

Ex: Chibitalia
and Austria under the HRE household.

Source:
Hetarchive, Chibitalia (Main storyline.)

Wartime Circumstances

When administrations crumble and there’s no other place to
go…

Ex: England hosts
France during the Vichy Regime.

Source: Volume 5, 

Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité and…

Employment
Circumstances

Due to their dire financial circumstances, Lithuania and
Romano move into America’s house and end up working for him.

You could argue that this is in a way, involuntary, but I
would say it’s more along the lines of necessitated.

Source: Hetarchive/ Hetascanlations, World Stars Chapter 58 + Lithuania’s Outsourcing Series 

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The post you referenced [x].

Thank you and sure thing!

America:

When he occupies Rome during WW2, he treats the Italy brothers as
friends rather than enemies [x]

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Italy:

He makes temporary peace with France and asks not to fight
when they get shipwrecked during WW2.

Source: Volume 3, United States of Hetalia 2

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He calls upon Santa (Finland) so all parties could stop
fighting and enjoy Christmas.

Source: Volume 1, 🙂 in the World.

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He opts to reside with Germany as a [euphemistic-style] POW. When
asked why he doesn’t try to escape, he explains that he would prefer not to
fight.

Source: Volume 1, Axis Powers.

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He doesn’t hold grudges against anyone regardless of
political conflicts.

Source: Volume 6. 

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England:

He makes a temporary truce with Germany on Christmas (WW2).The two play soccer together. 

Source: Volume 3, A Battlefield’s Kickoff. 

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Germania:

Most of these can also be applied to other Germanics, but
for the purpose of this post I’ll only be focusing on the similarities between
Germany and Germania.

Emotional stuntedness
+ awkwardness

Both Germania and Germany are unable to smile.
Well, at least expressively and regularly.

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Source: Hetarchive, Christmas Event 2010 + World Stars chapter 7. 

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Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Eng trans., Feb 24th, 2015). 

Perverted trope

While I’m not exactly favourable of this, there’s still the
running joke that Germans are closet perverts.

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Source: Volume 1 + Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Eng trans., Feb 6th, 2015). 

Bridge between
nations: the organizer and ‘Mom of the group.’

Both bridge the gap between chaos and civility. In other
words, they organize those around them and keep them in line.

Ex: Germany demanding order at a world meeting vs Germania
making a snide comment when a meeting in Rome goes awry.

Source: Volume 1 + Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Eng trans., May 3rd 2011).

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Ex: Both are adept planners.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Eng trans., Oct 20th 2013). 

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Ex: Both have an Italian to look after. This often includes
calming the latter down after an emotional outburst.

Source: Ibid + World Stars chapter 1

Rome + Germania

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Italy + Germany

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There’s also the tendency for the Italian to be late. 

Lastly, it’s obvious that they look pretty much identical
save for hair length.

Ancient Rome and the
Italy Brothers

Both brothers inherited the signature curl and a love for
women. Notice the positions of the curls and then compare them to Rome’s (i.e., one curl for each brother). 

Source: World Stars Chapter 20 + ibid 

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The split between them lies more with the expressions they
make.

Italy is the softer, more relaxed side of Rome, while Romano—while
also considerably vulnerable and soft—bears a more abrasive external shell; that is, when he’s not being a crybaby. 

The best way to go about this is to just show comparisons.
Notice how each Italy brother uniquely adopted specific expressions from Rome
that tailor well to their respective personalities. 

Source: Vol 1 + Vol 2

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Source: Vol 1

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Misconception: He’s
dead and no longer exists.

Reality: He is
dead, but he still exists in heaven.

Ex: He once tied
up God so that he was able to visit his grandsons. 

(Source: Together with Grandpa Rome, Hetarchive.)

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Ex: He visits
Earth with Germania, only to find out that his home has since been replaced by
a bench.

(Source: Grandpa Rome’s visit home, Hetarchive). 

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Misconception: He
and Germania hate each other and are grave enemies.

Reality: It’s not
so much hatred but rather a strong one-sided dislike on Germania’s part. A lot
of canon information is contradictory, so it’s tricky to piece together.

Ex: A character
note for Germania: “Has a taciturn but rough personality and dislikes Rome
greatly.”

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, May 6th, 2008). 

Ex: Germania is
easily irritated by Rome.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, Feb 6th, 2015). 

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A condensed explanation of their relationship would be
childhood rivals who teased each other, a disgruntled Germania becoming Rome’s
bodyguard + occasional teasing, tension, Germania probably—although unconfirmed—giving
the finishing blow that ended Rome’s life on Earth, and reconciliation in
Heaven.

Ex: Childhood
teasing.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, Feb 24th, 2015). 

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Ex: Germania
acting as Rome’s bodyguard and making a snide comment about the latter.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, May 3rd, 2011). 

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Ex: The
unconfirmed status of whether Germania truly killed Rome is mentioned in this
character note “A brave man who is said to had [sic] defeated Rome, although
the truth is hard to find out.”

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, May 6th 2008). 

Ex: The two visit
Earth together. Germania consoles Rome, who became distraught after learning
that his home no longer exists.

Source: Grandpa Rome’s visit home, Hetarchive. 

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Misconception: He
doesn’t care about Romano.

Reality: While he
may have devoted more attention to Veneziano, he very deeply cares about Romano
too.

Ex: Sketches indicate that Himaruya may have intended for them to have a more
tangible family dynamic.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, May 1rst 2011). 

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Ex: Rome visits
both Italy brothers in their dreams [x]. 

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Ex: Romano bursts
out into tears of happiness when Rome visits him from heaven. The meetings don’t
occur often because Romano gets embarrassed by his crying.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, April 5th 2011)

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Misconception: He’s
not biologically related to the Italy brothers.

Reality: While
the labels attributed are awkward due to the absence of a traditional birth
process, the three of them are, in fact, biologically related.

Ex: Rome is said
to have many grandchildren, both biological and adopted.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, Oct 30th, 2014). 

Ex: On several
occasions, the Italy brothers are said to have inherited his legacy.

Source: Grandpa Rome’s visit home, Hetarchive). 

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Ex: The presence
of a curl is later used to distinguish a direct blood relation from Rome [x]. 

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Bonus facts: 

He was originally conceptualized as a much older man.

Source: Main story line chapter 4, Hetarchive.

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He also visits Germany quite often to check up on the latter’s
research on him.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, Oct 20th, 2014). 

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Himaruya intended to give him a retired playboy vibe.

Source: Bamboo Thicket (Eng trans., Hetarchive, May 6th, 2008). 

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Q & A

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Isn’t there a strip
where England asks America for a rubber (eraser) and America gives him a condom

Pretty sure I answered this already but just in
case.

The “rubber” incident [x]

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Did you mean, canon? [x]. 

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Idk if this is of any use to your DenNor
analysis but there’s that scene in a Hetaween event where Norway demands that
Denmark asks if he’s lonely after Den has already asked Sweden and Finland.
Denmark tells him that they’re always around each other so he’d know if he’s
lonely and Norway doesn’t seem completely okay with that answer…

Yes, but Norway’s just annoyed with his response [x]. 

I summarize
relationships for these posts, so I can’t use every example 🙂

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I think all nations are
just inherently smarter than the average human, regardless of their populations’
intelligence levels. Yes, they do act foolish in the manga, but they’re just
comic gags/ stereotypes. If you think about it, each nation has gone
through several political, economic, and social revolutions. Centuries and millennias
of existence would inevitably lead to increased intelligence.

Italy never lost his
smarts either.

Ex: He participated in
the Second Industrial Revolution and invented cars [x]. 

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It’s really random and
there’s not much logic to it. I’ll get into some patterns that I’ve found
in a more detailed post, but the basic rule is that regardless of history, nations
aren’t related to each other unless explicitly stated by Himaruya.