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The purpose of this post is to delineate the fact that
nations that have cultural influences on each other are not biologically
related. While the influencee may adopt traits from the influencer in some
cases, it doesn’t always constitute a biological relation. What’s even more
confusing is that there are specific adopted traits that the nations use to
mark a biological relation.

I know this sounds obscure, but it’ll make sense when I go
through some examples.

Romania and Bulgaria
vs Romano and Veneziano:

A gag with Romania in the series is that he claims that he’s
a descendant of Rome, and, therefore, an Italy brother.

However, even though Rome did, in fact, instill significant
cultural influence in Romania, Romano is quick to reject this claim. He
identifies the presence of a curl as proof of biological lineage from Rome.
Remember that Rome is said to have had many grandchildren and adopted
grandchildren.

Source: Hetascanlations, World Stars Chapter 163 + Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans., October 30th, 2014).

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Later, we see the same rejection occur with Bulgaria, who
has Roman ruins.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans., Oct 22nd, 2014).

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England, America,
Finland, and France: (+ more)

As I’ve stated before, England and America are not
biologically related. England is stated to be the fourth and youngest sibling
in his family, consisting of Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans., Aug 4th 2010).

In the Battle for America, it’s explicitly stated that
England becomes America’s brother. We also learn that because America was a
“melting pot” of several cultures at the time, he inherited certain physical
traits from his colonizers.

Source: Hetarchive, The Battle of America.

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For example, in the trio’s feud to make America their little
brother, Finland notices that America looks like him.

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The distinction between cultural influence and blood
relation is necessary otherwise it would lead to a slippery slope where all
nations are related to each other. So, unless explicitly confirmed by Himaruya,
nations aren’t related to each other regardless of their histories. Arbitrary
as the biological relations may be, you work with what’s given to you.

Lastly, I’ve seen people comment that there’s a confirmed
biological relation between America and Finland. That’s not the case. Finland says that America has some genes from his people. Remember that America emerged as a personification representing several cultures. The genes are the traits, but because America has so many cultural influences, they don’t consider each other to be blood-related.

The fact that America didn’t identify with Finland as a
family member in the first place is telling of this cultural influence, as well
as the fact that Finland offers to become a father figure for America, who in
the context of the strip had been feeling jealous of kids who get presents from their fathers on Christmas.

Source: Hetarchive, Christmas 2010 Event.

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France and Canada:

Similar to the situation with England and America, Canada
inherits France’s hair.

Source: Hetascanlations, World Stars Chapter 192.  

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France, America, Canada, and Seychelles vs England, Hong
Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Hutt River, Sealand, and Wy:

We learn that France’s cultural influence is a dominant trait
that prevents America, Canada, and Seychelles from inheriting England’s bushy
brows. Although, interestingly enough, Seychelles had initially been designed
to have one thick eyebrow and one bushy one to represent English and French influence.

Source: Hetarchive, Seychelles profile.

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Meanwhile, without French influence, Hong Kong, Australia,
New Zealand, Hutt River, Sealand, & Wy inherited the bushy brows.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans.,Nov 12th 2013) + Hetascanlations, World Stars Chapter 269.

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Of most importance and what I can’t stress enough is the
example of Hong Kong. It proves, with the most clarity, that cultural influence
does not have a causal relationship with biological relation.

After becoming English territory, Hong Kong’s eyebrows grow
bushy from the resulting English influence on his culture.

Source: Volume 6, A wise man has no specialty.

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It’s said that England put a curse on him to have his eyebrows become so thick, but you also have to remember that England’s eyebrows themselves are cursed. The implications would be that his influence caused the curse to pass on.

Source: Volume 5, Special Booklet.

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Point is, as far as Himaruya’s concerned with his
characterizations:

Cultural influence ≠ biological relation.

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Scotland:

Rumour: He has an
official character design.

Reality: He doesn’t
have an official character design, albeit making a canon appearance.

Scotland appears off-screen in “The Battle for America.”

Source: Hetarchive, The Battle for America.

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Something often confused among fans is that these unspecified
character designs are Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland when no such
confirmation was given. These sketches remain as undesigned characters and are not the three brothers.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans., Sept 28th, 2014). 

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However, the top one matches a previous sketch of Himaruya’s,
where he gave a rough drawing of what he believed Scotland would look like. Thus,
it’s presumed that this may be Scotland and the other two UK
siblings. But, unless confirmed, they remain as unidentified nations.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Feb 9th, 2011). 

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Himaruya has gone on the record to say that the UK brothers will
appear in World Stars, as he did with Czechia and Slovakia who have already
made their formal appearances. Although, his initial intention was to draw the brothers first.

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Dec 31rst, 2014). 

Unidentified African nations:

As touched on before, there is what seems to be a female
African nation in volume six that visits Seychelles. Others have concluded that
this nation is Madagascar. This is because of a scene where Seychelles refers
to Madagascar in the third person and that it is a common “speech quirk” to
refer to someone like this in Japanese. While this may be the case, and as
Hetarchive has also held, unless confirmed, they’re not a nation let alone
Madagascar.

Source: Volume 6, The Pearl of the Indian Ocean.

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A second, lesser-known instance of an unidentified African
nation is the pirate personification that Iceland has an interaction with.

Since it’s possible
for nations to evolve into new titles—ex: Hungary originally personified a
nomadic equestrian tribe and Liechtenstein, Austrian nobles—it would be
interesting to see if Himaruya ever decides to do something with this. For
example, the pirate personification could have survived past their old title
and evolved into a modern country. (note: I use nation loosely to encompass all
personfications, whereas ‘country’ is a nation that is politically recognized).

Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, Oct 16th, 2013). 

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Lastly, there is also this sketch of what people have
presumed to be an unidentified African nation given that in the sketch they
appear with a meerkat.

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Source: Hetarchive (Bamboo Thicket, eng trans., June 21rst 2011). 

Q & A

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‘But big brother don’t you always say you don’t
want to see me at all?’this. I do wonder if Himaruya will ever make Romano
realize the weight of his words. I’m sure deep down he doesn’t mean any harm
with them,but they surely leave a scar. 

I think that’s
the whole point. Romano doesn’t realize the impact of how mean and vicious he
can be to Veneziano. Veneziano’s also a very sensitive person, so it doesn’t
help. Everyone has their limits

The fact that Romano’s shocked by this is most
telling for me [x]. 

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Countries such as England, Spain, Netherlands,
Portugal, America, and France did overseas trading but weren’t pirates.  

While there is a fan request where Himaruya depicts
England and Spain as pirates for fun, it’s important to remember the negative
implications of the word [x]

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Ex: France knew the
real Captain Hook and warns Seychelles of him [x]. 

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On the other hand, there is one strip that depicts
an unknown African nation as a pirate (in this case, they actually personified
a band of pirates in the region) [x]

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I’ve done a post on religion if you’d like to check
it out. It’s listed in my directory under Characterization in Hetalia [x]. 

The basic gist is that religion and the belief in
God still remains because there is an actual God in Hetalia. Whether they have faith in God depends on the individual and what they’ve experienced.


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Well, all episodes are based on the comics!

Right now, the first thing that comes to mind is America and Canada’s series of
arcs in world stars.

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(He doesn’t have a rifle as a child in the growth spurt strip: “England dreaming of long days passed, Vol 3). 

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There is this panel of child America gripping onto a rifle, though [x].

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I’m just
going to start by saying that I don’t make any canon conclusions without basing
it on something in the manga/ character notes provided. As such, what you
mention would fall under headcanon territory.

The part about America clutching guns is
depicted in canon but the leap to him viewing guns as a safety net and this
being reflected in his gun culture today doesn’t draw on canon material. For
me, a conclusion has to tie two or more pieces of canon material together rather than
using one piece to make a speculation where there aren’t any definitive links.

I know this model is nitpicky, but I’m very
stringent when it comes to forming and supporting an argument ^^

However, your headcanon wouldn’t be entirely
impossible. It actually draws on a similar structure in logic to what we’ve
seen with America before!

Ex: America’s tendency to mass produce is a
reflection of the trauma he experienced as a child in that he didn’t possess
many belongings.

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So, it’s not impossible, but the link hasn’t
been made in canon yet.

Q & A

 Do you think America trusts his own gov?
currently only 18% of the us trusts the gov and the rest doesn’t. I’m not really
sure if they’ve gone over that in hetalia, the only time I can actually think
of one time were america was unsure(??) of his gov, is that one ep where he
finds Tony but his boss or gov tells him that he can’t tell anybody and that it
didn’t happen. Maybe I haven’t found anything yet or I’m just looking too deep
but yeah I was kinda wondering that.

It’s not clear on
whether he trusts them or not, not that he really has a choice on obeying them anyway. Nations are
forced to comply with their bosses’ orders regardless of their own will/
opinion over the matter [x].

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You’re talking about the
Roswell incident where he was deliberately lied to about the UFO by his boss
(the president) and was instead told that it was a weather balloon. (Source: Assault☆The neighbor’s Roswell Incident.)

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Because
that’s one of the minimal scenes where we see him interacting with his boss
(another example would be in the “Black Ships have sailed” strip), there isn’t
enough information to form a solid conclusion on what you’re asking.


@amuamoami asked: Are
there any other african (black) characters in hetalia besides Seychelles? The
only issue i have with hetalia is that I dont see much color diversity.

There
is color diversity (e.g., Ecuador, the Asian nations, Spain, and Portugal— not to be confused with race, which doesn’t exist in Hetalia).

Cameroon is the only other official black character with a full
design [x].

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There’s an unconfirmed female who may or may not be an African nation that visits Seychelles in Volume 6 (most people speculate that it’s Madagascar due
to the use of third person in one panel).

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 Lastly, there were some “chibi head”
illustrations that appeared in Gauken Hetalia [x].

I understand your sentiment. On the other
hand, Himaruya does have a habit of travelling to countries before he creates a
character for them. There’s also the whole matter of how messy and complicated
it would be to try to depict the subject of colonialism intersected with race.
It would be pretty unavoidable if he were to create these characters.


What are your personal opinions on Czechia and Slovakia?
They’re some of my favourite characters!

They’re hilarious
together! I love them! Taken out of context, this scene is even funnier for
some reason [x].

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There isn’t much to base
my opinion on, unfortunately. There are very few interactions between them.

Ex: They have tea
together [x].

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Ex: India comes to
England’s aid after the American Revolution and heals the latter [x].

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Do you have any particular mischaracterizations of Hetalia
characters that you absolutely hate? This can also include falsely portrayed
relationships and such.

Hate is a strong word, but I definitely get irritated.

People’s inability to reconcile the idea that
deleted material is deleted material and that the shock “perverted” humour used
in the past by Himaruya, while incomprehensible, is no longer incorporated in
the series. France, in particular, would be a prime example of this.

Q & A

So now there are 4 italy brothers?

I suppose if you want to think of it that way. The German
States/ states are considered to be Germany’s brothers, so I don’t see why not [x]. Just know that this isn’t confirmed in canon.

Why there is a personification of Genoa if
Veneziano was the North of Italy since his childhood?

As mentioned in previous
posts, nationhood isn’t exclusive. It can extend to any organization of people,
formal or informal. Veneziano represented all of North Italy, whereas Genoa is
a more specific personification [x].

If it helps, think of it
this way. It’s no different than Holy Rome representing the collective of German
States despite them existing individually. Not to mention that these German
States evolved to become states (note the difference in capitalization).

Which characters do you think are the most developed?

America, England,
Germany, and Italy.

I see that all the cats in nekotalia have the nations as the
owners, but are They the cat versions of their respective nations or just an au
where the nations are cats?

They’re cat versions of
the respective nations. (Source: Volume 6). 

Hi there! Love your blog, your theories and
such are very interesting:) You know how countries live by their bosses orders?
What do you think happens when they disobey their orders to stop a war from
breaking out? What are the consequences for them, as a personified country? I’m
very curious.

Thank you!
Unfortunately, I can’t answer that question considering that there are no
facts/ similar situations in the manga for me to base a response on. That’s
more along the lines of a headcanon ^^

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Here’s just a list of
terms that have a completely different meaning in the manga. This is aside from
their literal denotation.

Being Bullied: 

When a nation is referred
to as a bully and/or is bullied, this refers to them being conquered or sought after
by more powerful nations.

Ex: Both Italy brothers being conquered after Rome’s death [x].

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Ex: Russia being ‘picked on’ by Mongolia, Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia.

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Boss: 

The nation’s leader.
Pretty self-explanatory [x].

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Honour Student:

While it is possible for
nations to become students and attain degrees, the term “honour student” is
used in reference to how well a country succeeds politically or economically.

Ex: Italy’s referred to as an honour student in the EU [x].

Ex: Seychelles, being among the wealthiest African nations, is referred to
as an honour student.

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House:

House refers to the
actual country itself.

“My house [country] is
known for…”

Ex: Italy expressing confusion at the foods that tourist destinations in
his country try to pass off as authentic Italian cuisine [x].

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In light of
Canada day, I think it’s about time that I dedicated a full character analysis
to him. What I aim to do is disprove any claims that Himaruya has made Canada
into a flat, two-dimensional character. It’s quite the contrary.

Canada’s
well-known for his invisibility and the overused jokes that accompany this
characterization. However, to say that this is all that defines Canada is to
overlook the amazing depth that this invisibility has on his personality.

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While it’s
easy to look at Canada as the nation that’s ignored during meetings, what this
post will explore is the ways in which Canada’s character is far more fleshed
out than what is popularly conceived in fanon.

Childhood:  

From birth,
Canada was objectified by European colonizers for his abundance of resources [x].

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After
England fights France to assume control over Canada, Canada mistakenly assumes
that England is the first nation to actually look at him as a person and not
merely as an asset.

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In reality, England was staring at Canada’s hair, which he
had inherited due to French influence.

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When told
that England will become his family, Canada is ecstatic. He had grown
accustomed to being valued for his resources rather than as a living being. Already,
we begin to see how Canada’s worth is not attributed to his person—who he
is.

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The
importance of this scene will be critical to understanding why Canada suffers
from such poor self-esteem in his adulthood.

Identity Crisis and Devaluation:  

The main
complex that Canada suffers from is that he lacked a solid identity and
conception of himself. Being surrounded by greater, more politically and
economically relevant powers when he was younger can mainly be attributed to
this.

Canada’s
self-esteem was contrived in relation to those around him. He felt inferior,
and these feelings later became entrenched in how he views himself.

Ex: Canada
grew up alongside America, who excelled and aged at a much faster rate [x].

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Ex: England
devoted a lot of his attention toward America, leading Canada to feel neglected
and excluded [x].

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Living in
America’s shadow consequently caused Canada to believe that he wasn’t worthy
of the latter’s attention.

Ex: He once believed that America was disinterested in him [x].

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Ex: He used England as a mediator to speak on his behalf to America. Notice
how America is perplexed by Canada’s behaviour here. Canada thinks poorly of himself and attributes this same train of
thought to how he perceives others to think of him [x].

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Although, it also has to do with the fact that America doesn’t believe that Canada has an accurate conception of the real world, and, therefore, isn’t ready to gain his independence [x].

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What’s even
more unhealthy is that Canada uses America as the means of assessing his worth.

Ex: He
believes that he’s simply a plainer version of America given their similar looks [x].

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Ex: He
doesn’t believe that he’s handsome [x].

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Ex: When England
falls ill after the American Revolution, Canada cries and claims that even
though he’s not as strong as America and doesn’t possess a lot of money, he’ll
try his best to heal the former [x].

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The irony
of this is that it’s alluded that Canada may possess his own form of
superstrength. In the same arc, America tries to force himself into Canada’s
home after being denied access to visit the then sick England. Canada is able to shut the door on him [x].

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Of particular interest to me is how in Canada’s fantasy, England’s cheering him on, likely symbolizing how badly we wants the latter to pay more attention to him.

Forming an Identity:

Constantly being
overshadowed by America and England and internally comparing himself to America
created a lot of tension and frustration in Canada.

It’s only
during his independence arc where we begin to see him release these emotions.
Canada wants to form his own autonomous identity. To him, America
contravenes and gets in the way of this from happening.

Ex: Canada
reprimands America for being selfish and self-absorbed on several occasions [x].

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Even after
gaining his independence, Canada lacked a solid self-concept and was still
mistaken for America by other nations.

Ex: Cuba mistakes him as America [x].

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What’s
always been a seamless turning point for me is how it was America who helped Canada
form his multi-cultural identity.

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The
culmination of these arcs, albeit seemingly to be nonessential and unimportant,
is when Seychelles recalls Canada as a member of the G8 [x].

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Years of
being forgotten and neglected caught up to Canada. Trivial as the situation may
be on the surface, to be remembered is to be important enough in the eyes of
another person. It’s a foreign and gripping moment that causes him to cry.

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Likewise,
because this is so foreign to him, Canada doesn’t know what to do with himself.
In other words, he overcompensates by excessively reinserting his identity,
which remains fragile and still in a developing state.

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This fragility
is most seen when America appears and laughs at Canada’s ridiculous clothing [x].

“There are times, every now and then, when I want to stand out from the shadow or let my hair down too!” 

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Another
parallel between the two is then introduced: Canada doesn’t want to remain in the
shadows and vies to be well-known in the world just like America; meanwhile,
America is jealous of Canada for his ability to get along with everyone.

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In sum,
Canada’s invisibility lends his character most of its strength. It is through his
journey to establish himself that it becomes clear that Canada is not as
passive as one may think. For his entire life, he’s fought to
be remembered. It would follow, then, that his invisibility perhaps had a
double meaning to it; it was a physical reflection of how hollow, empty and
lacking he felt on the inside, a personal identity that needed to be filled and discovered.

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Do you have any hetalia headcanons for any characters? You’re always pointing out canon facts(thank you so much for that, btw), and it would be cool to see your own ideas and impressions on the characters :D

I’m not particularly big on headcanons, but I sometimes do charts like this 😀

Most insecure nations

America, Canada, England, Germany, Italy,
Romano, and Poland.

Loneliest nations

America, England, Iceland, Prussia, and Russia.

Happiest nations

Denmark, Finland, Seychelles, and Sweden.

Most sarcastic nations

England, France, Norway, and Romano.

Nations we need more of

Belgium, Belarus, India, and Vietnam.

In your most recent post, you spoke about an unidentified African nation, however she has been confirmed to be aph Madagascar!

She hasn’t been. It’s a fandom-made conclusion that’s taken as fact. While Madagascar is mentioned in a Volume 6 strip–and sometimes in Japanese characters are referred to in the third person–nothing has been confirmed and it’s not official, albeit alluded to. 

All the official characters can be found on the English translation of Hima’s blog. I’d recommend checking it out! [x].

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